European Association for the Study of Gambling

Europaische Gesellschaft zur Erforschung de Gluckspielens

Instituto Europeo para el studio de los juegos de azar

Assocation Europeenne pour l’etude des jeux d’hazard

 

Shortcut Menu to the Different Articles:

1.         Name
2.         Secretariat
3.         Aims
4.0       Powers 
5.0       Membership
13.00   The Executive Committee
21.0     General meetings
27.0     Secretary
28.0     Treasurer
32.0     Amendments to this Constitution
33.0     Disputes and Arbitration
  

 

Constitution Adopted in May 1993

 

(For the English version of this constitution “he” is always to be read in its generic form as including “or she”)

 

1.  Name

 The name of the association shall be the European Association for the Study of Gambling (in this constitution called “the Association”).

 

2.  Secretariat

2.1              The permanent offices of the Association shall be in such place as the executive committee may, from time to time, determine;

2.2              The role of the staff at the Secretariat shall be to:

a.       Receive and pass on all subscriptions and enquiries and process and otherwise deal with these in accordance with standing orders agreed by the Secretary and the Treasurer

b.       Maintain a data base of the membership, and their interests and subscriptions and ensure that both Secretary and Treasurer are continually updated on this

 

3. Aims

The aims of the Association are:

 3.1              To provide a European forum for the systematic study, discussion and dissemination of knowledge about all matters relating to the study of gambling and especially relating to the study of the appropriate presence and availability of commercial gaming in the society

3.2              More specifically, included but not limited to, to provide such a forum for the comparative study of:

a.       Social, psychological, historical and economic aspects of gambling;

b.      The development, execution and evaluation of social, police and legal policies for the regulation of gambling;

c.       The design and mathematical properties of specific gambling games or activities;

d.      The ethical and profitable marketing and management of the provision of gambling opportunities;

e.       The protection of the gambling consumer;

f.        The understanding of the development of excessive gambling and the provision of effective help for those who gamble to excess;

g.       Such other areas of study as shall be of interest to members of the association

(Groups a–g above are referred to subsequently in this constitution as “study groups”)

3.3              To pursue these studies with a particular focus on European conditions, practise and problems

3.4              To increase the level of dialogue among those groups who might otherwise perceive themselves in conflict with one another

3.5              To preserve freedom of opinion and practice among its members and to refrain from declaring a communal view of the Association on any specific issue

 

4.0 Powers

4.1       In pursuit of these aims the powers of the Association shall be deemed to include:

4.2       The purchase, taking on lease or exchange, and the hiring or otherwise acquiring of             any real or personal property that may be deemed necessary or convenient for any of   the aims of the Association;

4.3       The buying, selling, supplying of, and dealing in goods of all kinds;

4.4       The entering into agreements with any body of person (whether corporate or not) that             are incidental or conducive to the attainment of the aims and exercise of the powers of             the Association; to obtain from such body or person any rights, privileges and             concessions which the Association may think it desirable to obtain; and to carry out,             exercise and comply with any such arrangements, rights, privileges and concessions;                  

4.5       The accepting of any gift, whether subject to a special trust or not, for any one or             more of the aims of the Association;

4.6       The taking of such steps as the Executive Committee or the members in general             meeting may from time to time deem expedient for the purpose of procuring             contributions to the funds of the Association, whether by way of donations,             subscriptions, or otherwise;

4.7       The printing, publishing and distribution of any such newspapers, periodicals, books,             leaflets or other documents as the Executive Committee may or the members in general might think desirable for the promotion of the aims of the Association

4.8       The promotion, organisation and administration of conferences, events and meetings             which serve as a forum for debate, discussion and consideration of gambling issues             and research and the aims of the Association;

4.9              The setting up, founding or incorporation, for the purposes of the Association, for any company in any country of Europe which will, according to the laws of that country, afford for its directors, limited personal liability for any debts incurred; always provided (a) that the Executive Committee of the Association remains in full control of the company and (b) that the Association can transfer moneys to the company and (c) that any profits made by the company will revert the funds of the Association;

4.10          The borrowing and raising of money in such manner and on such terms as the committee may think fit or as may be approved or directed by resolution passed at a general meeting;

4.11          The investment of any moneys of the Association not immediately required for any of it’s aims in such manner as the Executive Committee may from time to time determine;

4.12          The establishment and support or aiding in the establishment and support, of members or of any other associations formed for any of the basic aims of the Association;

4.13          To appoint employ, remove or suspend such managers, clerks secretaries, servants, workmen and other persons as may be necessary or convenient for the purposes of the Association;

4.14          To remunerate any person or body corporate for services rendered, or to be rendered;

4.15          In furtherance of the aims of the Association, to sell, mortgage, improve, manage, develop, exchange, lease, dispose of, turn to account or otherwise however deal with all of any part of the property and rights of the Association;

4.16          To do all such other things as are incidental or conductive to the attainment of the aims and the exercise of the powers of the Association.

 

5.0 Membership

5.1                The membership of the Association shall consist of ordinary members and any of the following classes of members:

Ø      Institutions, societies, organisations an corporations;

Ø      Government departments, statutory authorities

Ø      Non-European affiliations

The number of ordinary members shall be unlimited

6.0       A person who is nominated and approved for membership under this constitution is eligible to be a member of the Association on payment of the annual subscription prescribed in, or fixed under, this constitution

7.0       The application for membership shall be in writing, signed by the applicant

7.1       The membership fees for each class of membership shall be such sum, as the members shall from time to time at any general meeting so determine

7.2            The membership fees for each class of membership shall be payable in such manner    and in such time as the Executive Committee shall from time to time determine;

8.0      At the next meeting of the Executive Committee after the receipt of any application, such application shall be considered by the Committee, who shall thereupon determine upon the admission or rejection of the applicant

8.1          Any applicant who receives a majority of the votes of the members of the Executive      

Committee present at the meeting at which such application is being considered shall be accepted as a member to the class of membership applied for

8.2          Upon the acceptance or rejection of an application for any class of membership, the secretary shall forthwith give the applicant notice in writing of such application or rejection;

9.0     A member may resign from the Association at any time by giving notice in writing to the secretary. Such resignation shall take effect at the time such notice is received by the secretary unless a later date is specified in the notice when it shall take effect on that later date

10.0    A right, privilege, or obligation of a person by virtue of his/her membership of the                       Association is not capable of being transferred or transmitted to another person;

Terminates upon cessation of his/her membership, whether by death, resignation or otherwise.

11.1    A person whose application for membership has been rejected may within three months               of receiving written notification thereof, lodge with the secretary written notice of intention to appeal against the decision of the Committee;

11.2    Upon receipt of a notification of intention to appeal against rejection or termination of membership the secretary shall inform the applicant of the date of the next general meeting at which appeal will be determined. At any such meeting the applicant shall be given the opportunity to present fully a case and the Executive Committee or those members thereof who rejected the application for membership subsequently shall likewise have the opportunity of presenting its or their case. The appeal shall be determined by the majority vote of the members present at such a meeting;

12.1    The Executive Committee shall cause a Register to be kept in which shall be entered the names and residential addresses of all persons admitted to membership of the Association and the dates of their admission;

 12.2    There shall also be entered into the Register particulars of deaths, resignations, terminations and reinstatements of membership and any further particulars as the Executive Committee or the members at any general meeting may require from time to time;

 12.3    The Register shall be open for inspection at all reasonable times by any member who previously applies to the secretary for such inspection;

 

13.0 The Executive Committee

13.1  The Executive Committee of the Association shall consist of a Chairman, Vice-Chairman, Secretary, Treasurer, all of whom shall be Members of the Association, and such number of other members as the members of the Association at any general meeting may from time to time appoint; but provided that the members of the Executive Committee shall not at any time exceed nine;

13.2    The total membership of the Executive Committee (including the offices bearers) shall be regulated to maintain a representation of a wide spread of study groups and nationalities within Europe as follows:

a.       There shall be at a minimum one member of the Executive Committee representing each of, at a minimum, four of the study groups defined in 3.2 a – g of this constitution;

b.      There shall never be more than three members of the Executive Committee representing any single study group as defined in 3.2 a – g of this constitution;

c.       There shall always be at least four different nationalities among the members of the Executive Committee;

d.      There shall never be more than three members of any single nationality among the members of the Executive Committee;

13.3    The working language of the Executive Committee shall be English or shall be    determined by a simple majority vote of the Executive Committee;

13.4    The foregoing rules (13.1; 13.2; and 13.3) shall be sent out to the Executive Committee with every call for nominations for office bearers or members for the Executive Committee and any election of candidates which violates them shall be null and void;

13.5    In the event that more candidates are elected to the Executive Committee than shall satisfy rule 13.2 of this constitution, the Chairman shall rule that the elections of candidates, which violate rules 13.2 a, b, c, and d shall be null and void. These rules shall be satisfied in that order of priority, regardless of how many votes may have been cast in favour of any eliminated candidates;

13.6    At the meeting of the Executive Committee immediately after each regular general meeting of the Association all the members of the Executive Committee for the time being shall retire from office, but shall be eligible upon nomination for re-election;

13.7    At the meeting of the Executive committee specified in 13.6 the results of the election of officers and retiring Secretary or his designated agent shall announce other members of the Executive Committee. It shall have taken place previous to that meeting in the following manner:

a.       Any two members of the Executive Committee shall be at liberty to nominate any other member to serve as an officer or other member of the Executive Committee;

b.      The nomination which shall be in writing and signed by the member and his proposer and seconder, shall be lodged with the secretary at least forty days before the regular general meeting at which election is to take place; The nomination must state clearly (1) the nationality of the candidate (2) the study group as specified under rule 3.2 of this constitution within which predominant interests lie, and (3) his awareness of rule 13.3;

c.       Each candidate will be entitled to a maximum of three hundred words of self description to be circulated with the ballot papers;

d.      A list of the candidate’s names in alphabetical order, with the proposer’s and seconder’s names, and the candidates self description shall be circulated to all members of the Executive Committee at least twenty one days immediately prior to the regular general meeting;

e.       Balloting lists shall be circulated to all members of the Executive Committee by post containing the names of the candidates in alphabetical order, and, each member shall be entitled to vote for any number of such candidates not exceeding the number of such vacancies; all postal votes thus received by the secretary at the time of the commencement of the regular general meeting shall be valid and counted 

13.8    Should, at the commencement of the meeting specified in 13.6, there be an insufficient number of candidates nominated, those elected by post will first be announced in 13.7 and then nominations may taken from the floor of the meeting and the elections for those candidates will be determined by a show of hands, the Chairman always ensuring compliance with rule 13.5

13.9    The Executive Committee shall have the power to recognise a new study group (additional to those who set out in rule 3.2 of this constitution) and such study group so recognised shall be valid for the purposes of elections to the Executive Committee under rule 3.2 of this constitution at the regular general meeting following recognition;

14.0    Any member of the Executive Committee may resign from the committee at any time giving notices in writing to the secretary and such resignation shall taken effect at the time such notice is received unless a later date is specified in the notice when it shall take effect on that later date. A member may be removed from the office at a meeting of the Executive Committee Association where that member shall be given an opportunity to present fully his case. The question of removal shall be determined by the vote of the members present at such a quorate meeting of the Executive Committee.

15.1    The Executive Committee shall have power at any time to appoint any member of the Association to fill any casual vacancy on the Executive Committee until the next regular general meeting.

15.2    The continuing members of the Executive Committee may act notwithstanding any casual vacancy in the Executive Committee, but if and so long as their number is reduced below the number fixed by or pursuant to this constitution as the necessary quorum of the Executive Committee, the continuing number of members may act for the purpose of increasing the number of the Executive Committee to that number or of summoning a general meeting of the Association, but not for other purpose.

16.1    Except as otherwise provided by this constitution and subject to resolutions of the members of the Association carried at general meeting, the Executive Committee:

a.       Shall have the general control and management of the administration of the affairs, property and funds of the Association; and

         b.   Shall have authority to interpret the meanings of this constitutions and any matter relating to the Association                on which this constitution is silent.

16.2    The Executive Committee may exercise all the powers of the Association to borrow or raise or secure the payment of money and secure the same or the payment or the performance of any debt, liability, contract, guarantee or another engagement incurred or to be entered into by the Association in any way.

17.1    The income and property of the Association, however derived, shall be applied solely towards the promotion of the objects and purposes of the Association and no portion thereof shall be paid or transferred, directly or indirectly, by dividend, bonus, or otherwise, to any member of the Association.

17.2    The Association shall not:

a.       Appoint a person who is a member of the Executive Committee to any office in the gift of the Association to the holder of which there is payable any remuneration by way of salary, fees or allowances; or

b.      Pay to any such person any remuneration or other benefit in money or money’s worth (other that repayment of out of pocket expenses)

17.3    Nothing in the foregoing provisions of this constitution prevents the payment in good faith to a servant or member of the Association (who is not a member of the Executive Committee) of:

a.       Remuneration in return for services actually rendered to the Association by the servant or the member in the ordinary course of business;

b.      A reasonable and proper sum by way of rent for premises let to the Association by the servant of the member.

18.1    The Executive Committee shall meet face to face within three months of the conclusion of each financial year to approve the accounts, notwithstanding that there shall be at least two meetings of the Executive Committee between each regular general meeting of the Association to exercise its functions.

18.2    A special meeting of the Executive Committee shall be convened by the secretary on the requisition in writing signed by not less than one-third of the members of the Executive Committee, which requisition shall clearly state the reasons why such special meeting is being convened and the nature of the business to be transacted thereat.

18.3    At every meeting of the Executive Committee a simple majority of a number equal to the number of members elected and/or appointed to the Executive Committee as at the close of the last general meeting of the members, shall constitute a quorum.

18.4    Subject as previously provided in this constitution, the Executive Committee may meet together and regulate its proceeding as it thinks fit: Provided that the questions arising at any meeting of the Executive Committee shall be decided by the majority of votes and, in the case of equality of votes, the question shall be deemed to be decided in the negative.

18.5    A member of the Executive Committee shall not vote in respect of any contract or proposed contract with the Association in which he is interested, or any matter arising there from, and if he does so vote his vote shall not be counted

18.6    Not less than thirty days notice shall be given by the secretary to members of the Executive Committee of any special meeting of the Executive Committee. Such notice shall clearly state the business of the Executive Committee to be discussed thereat.

18.7    The Chairman shall preside as chairman at every meeting of the Executive Committee, or if there id no chairman or at any meeting at which he is not present within ten minutes after the time appointed for holding the meeting, the Vice-Chairman shall preside or if the Vice-Chairman is not present at the meeting then the members may choose one of their number to be chairman at the meeting.

18.8    If within half an hour from the time appointed for the commencement of an Executive Committee meeting a quorum is not present, the meeting, if convened upon requisition of members of the Executive Committee shall, lapse. In such case it shall stand adjourned to such other day and at such other time and place as the Executive Committee may determine, and if at the adjourned meeting a quorum is not present within half an hour form the time appointed for the meeting, the meeting shall lapse.

19.1    The Executive Committee may delegate any of its powers to a subcommittee consisting of such members of the Association as the Executive Committee thinks fit. Any subcommittee so formed shall, in the exercise of such powers so delegated, conform to any regulations that may be imposed upon it by the Executive Committee.

19.2    A subcommittee may elect a chairman of its meeting. If no such chairman is elected, or if at any meeting the chairman is not present within ten minutes after the time appointed for holding the meeting, the members present may choose one of their number to be chairman of the meeting

19.3    A subcommittee may meet and adjourn as it thinks proper. Questions at any meeting shall be determined by a majority of votes of the members present and, in the case of an equality of votes, the question shall be deemed to be decided in the negative

20.1    During the time between face to face meetings of the Executive Committee it may, by agreement among its members, conduct all of its business by written documents circulated by post or by fax; where this is done, copies of all discussions, proposals, considerations and resolutions send between any two members of the Executive Committee shall be simultaneously ensure that all members of the Executive Committee have copies

20.2    A resolution in writing signed by all the members of the Executive Committee for the time being entitled to receive notice of a meeting of the Executive Committee shall be valid and effectual as if it had been passed at a meeting of the Executive Committee duly convened and held. Any such resolution may consist of several documents in like form, each signed by one or more members of the Executive Committee. For this purpose documents transmitted by fax shall be valid.

 

21.0 General meetings

 21.0  The Association shall hold a regular general meeting at a minimum once in every four years at a conference of the Association, or at such time and in such place as the Executive Committee shall determine.

22.1    Except only when subject to financial constraints, the Executive Committee will arrange simultaneous translation between a minimum of four languages at every general meeting and for the plenary sessions of all conferences.

22.2    The regular genera; meeting shall be specified as such in the notice convening it

22.3    The regular general meeting may transact such special business of which notice is given in accordance with this constitution

22.4    All general meetings other than the regular general meeting shall be called special general meetings

22.5    The business to be transacted at every regular general meeting shall be:

a.       The receiving of the Executive Committee’s report and the statement of income and expenditure, assets and liabilities and mortgages, charges and securities affecting the property of the Association for the preceding financial years;

b.      The receiving of the auditor’s report upon the books and accounts for the proceeding financial years

c.       The election of members of the Executive Committee;

d.      The appointment of an auditor

23.0  The secretary shall convene a special general meeting:

a.       When directed to do so by the Executive Committee; or

b.      On the requisition in writing signed by not less than one third of the members presently on the Executive Committee or not less than the number of ordinary members of the Association which equal double the number of members presently on the Executive Committee plus one. Such requisition shall clearly state the reasons why such a special general meeting is being convened and the nature of the business to be transacted thereat

24.1    At any regular or special general meeting the number of members required to constitute a quorum shall be twenty percent of the Fully paid up members. If this condition is not met, a quorum at the next meeting shall be five percent of the fully paid up members.

24.2    No business shall be transacted at any general meeting unless a quorum of members is present at the time when the meeting proceeds to business. For the purposes of this rule “member” includes a person attending as a proxy or a representive of an association or corporation which is a member.

24.3    If, within half an hour from the time appointed for the commencement of a general meeting, a quorum is not present, the meeting, if convened upon requisition of members of the Executive Committee or of the Association, shall lapse. In such case it shall stand adjourned to such day and at such other time and place as the Executive Committee may determine, and if at the adjourned meeting a quorum is not present within half an hour from the time appointed for the meeting, the members present shall form a quorum.

24.4    The Chairman may, with the consent of any meeting at which a quorum is present (and shall if so directed by the meeting), adjourn the meeting from time to time and form place to place, but no business shall be transacted at any adjourned meeting from which the adjournment took place. When a meeting is adjourned for more than thirty days, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given as in a case of an original meeting. Save as aforesaid it shall not be necessary to give any notice of an adjournment or of the business to be transacted at an adjourned meeting.

25.1    The secretary shall convene all general meetings by giving not less than 30 days notice of any such meeting to the members of the Association

25.2    The manner by which such notice shall be given shall be determined by the Executive Committee. Notice of a general meeting shall clearly state the nature of the business to be discussed thereat.

26.0  Unless provided by this constitution, at every general meeting:

26.1    The chairman shall preside as chairman, or if he is not present within fifteen minutes after the time appointed for the holding of the meeting or is unwilling to act, the Vice-Chairman shall be the chairman or if the Vice-Chairman is not present or is unwilling to act then the members present shall elect one of their number to be chairman of the meeting;

26.2    A Chairman shall maintain order and conduct the meeting in a proper and orderly manner;

26.3    Every question or resolution shall be decided by a majority of the votes of the members present;

26.4    Every member present shall be entitled to one vote and in the case of an equality of votes the Chairman shall have a second or casting vote;

26.5    Voting on resolutions shall be by show of hands or a division of members, unless not less than one fifth of the members present demand a ballot, in which event there shall be a secret ballot. The Chairman shall appoint two members to conduct the secret ballot in such manner as he shall determine and the result of the ballot as declared by the chairman shall be deemed to be the resolution of the meeting at which the ballot was demanded;

26.6    A member may vote in a show of hands in person or by proxy and every person present who is a member shall have one vote in a show of hands and in a secret ballot every member present in person or by proxy have one vote;

26.7    The instrument appointing a proxy shall be in writing, in the common or usual form under the hand of the appointer or of his attorney duly authorised in writing or, if the appointer is a corporation, either under seal or under th4 hand of an officer or attorney duly authorised. A proxy may, but need not, be a member of the Association. The instrument appointing a proxy shall be deemed to confer authority to demand or join in demanding a secret ballot;

26.8    Where it is desired to afford members an opportunity of voting for or against a resolution the instrument appointing a proxy shall be in the following form or a form as near thereto as circumstances permit:

 

EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF GAMBLING

 

I,                         of                          being a member of the above named Association, hereby appoint of                    as my proxy to vote for me on my behalf at the                       general meeting of the Association to be held on the day of                   19      , and at the adjournment thereof.

 

This form is to be used * in favour of * against the resolution.

*strike out whichever is not desired.

 

(unless otherwise indicated, the proxy may vote as he thins fit.);

 

Signed                 this day of                    , 19.

 

 

                                    Signature

 

26.9    The instrument appointing a proxy shall be deposited with the secretary prior to the commencement of any meeting or adjourned meeting at which the person names in the instrument proposes to vote;

 

27.0 Secretary

27.0  The secretary shall cause full and accurate minutes of all questions, matters, resolutions and other proceedings of every Executive Committee meeting and general meeting to be kept and circulated to all members entitled to attend and will keep a record of all such minutes which will be available on request at all reasonable times to any member who previously applies to the secretary for that inspection. For the purposes of ensuring the accuracy of recording of such minutes, the minutes of every Executive Committee meeting shall be signed by the chairman of the next succeeding meeting verifying their accuracy. Similarly the minutes of every general meeting shall be signed by the chairman of that meeting or by the chairman of the next succeeding general meeting.

 

28.0 Treasurer

28.1    The Treasurer shall keep, or cause to be kept, true accounts of:

a.       All sums of money received and expended by the Association and the matters in respect of which the receipt or expenditure takes place;

b.      The property, credits, and liabilities of the Association,

And, subject to any reasonable restrictions as to time and manner of inspecting them that may be imposed by the Association for the time being, those accounts shall be open to the inspection of the members of the Association.

28.2    The Treasurer of the Association shall faithfully keep, or cause to be kept, all general records, accounting books, and records of receipts and expenditure connected with the operations and business of the Association in such form and manner as the Executive Committee may direct.

28.3    The accounts, books and records referred to in the sub rules 28.1 and 28.2 of this constitution shall be kept at the Associations office or at such other place as the Executive Committee may decide.

28.4    The Treasurer of the Association shall, on behalf of the Association, receive all moneys paid to the Association and forthwith after the receipt thereof issue official receipts therefore.

29.1 The funds of the Association shall be banked in the name of the Association in such bank as the Executive Committee may from time to time direct. All moneys paid to the Association, including members subscriptions, shall be required to be paid in the currency of the country located or of such other country as the Executive Committee may direct.

29.2    All moneys shall be banked as soon as practicable after receipt thereof

29.3    All amounts of £ 50.00 equivalent or over shall be paid by cheque signed by any of the chairman, secretary, treasurer or other member authorised from time to time by the Executive Committee.

29.4    All expenditure over £ 500.00 or equivalent shall be approved or ratified at an Executive Committee meeting

29.5    As soon as practicable after the end of each financial year the treasurer shall cause to be prepared a statement containing particulars of:

a.       The income and expenditure for the financial year just ended;

b.      The assets and liabilities of all mortgages, charges and securities affecting the property of the Association at the close of that year.

29.6    All such statements shall be examined by the auditor who shall be present his report upon such audit to the secretary prior to the holding of the Executive Committee meeting next following the financial year in respect of which such audit was made.

30.1    At each regular general meeting of the Association the members present shall appoint a person as the auditor of the Association.

30.2    A person so appointed shall hold office until the regular general meeting next after that at which he is appointed, and he is eligible for re-appointment

30.3    If an appointment is not made at an annual general meeting the Executive Committee shall appoint an auditor of the Association for the then current financial year of the Association.

30.4    The auditor may only be removed from office by resolution at a general meeting.

30.5    If a casual vacancy occurs in the office of auditor, during the course of a financial year of the Association, the Executive Committee may appoint a person as the auditor and the person so appointed shall hold office until, the next succeeding regular general meeting.

31.1    The Executive Committee shall provide for the safe custody of books, documents, instruments of title and securities of the Association.

31.2    The financial year of the Association shall close on 30th June in each year.

 

32.0 Amendments to this Constitution

32.1    Any proposed amendment to this constitution must be given in writing an signed by the proposer and seconder to the secretary who will circulate it to the members by post; any comments which the Executive Committee wishes to make will simultaneously be circulated and, at the request of the proposer an explanation of the reasons for the amendment with a maximum of 400 words. A last date for receipt of votes will be specified.

32.2    Members will vote for or against any proposed amendment to the constitution and return these votes by post to the secretary by the last date for receipt. The chairman and the proposer will verify them, if he so wishes. A two-thirds majority of all votes cast will be sufficient to carry the proposal.

 

33.0 Disputes and Arbitration

33.1    Where disputes arise and external resolution may be required, issues will be settled according to the law of the country in which the secretariat is located at the time of going to law.